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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When a neuron transmits an electrical signal to another, it makes use of chemicals known as neurotransmitters. These need to travel through a tiny gap known as the synapse. Certain ADHD medications increase the efficiency of these messages. They may help neurons release neurotransmitters faster or slow the process of reuptake (called Reuptake inhibitors). Doctors start people with ADHD on a low dose of medication and then observe their reactions. They alter the dosage over time to discover a “sweet spot” -the lowest dose that shows noticeable improvement in symptoms, with few adverse effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is the primary kind of medication that doctors typically try to help kids with ADHD. It helps by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in children's brains, which helps them focus and pay attention. It also reduces their impulsivity and hyperactivity. It's important to remember that methylphenidate is a controlled drug and should only be used under the supervision of a physician. The most commonly used methylphenidate medicine is Ritalin. It's available as tablets with immediate release (Ritalin, Concerta, or Quillichew ER) chewable tablets with a long-acting mechanism (Cotempla XR-ODT or Adhansia XR) or long-acting capsules (Adhansia PM or Jornay PM). Some versions of the medication contain aspartame (an artificial sweetener), which can be harmful for those suffering from the genetic condition phenylketonuria which causes severe intellectual impairment. Inform your doctor if or your child have food allergies. Researchers have discovered that methylphenidate can reduce abnormal activity in parts of the brain, including the nucleus accumbens as well as a brain network comprised of three networks that play a role in the process of adaptive control. This could explain why methylphenidate is among the most effective drugs for treating ADHD. The adverse effects of stimulants can include headaches, nausea, insomnia anxiety, agitation, the tics and agitation. medication adhd adults are rare but can be serious. If you notice them, you should call your doctor immediately. You should also tell your doctor if your child is suffering from allergies or the presence of heart disease or bipolar disorder, depression or other mental health conditions such as glaucoma, a history of seizures or strokes, or if you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), linezolid (Zyvox) or methylene blue, or phenelzine (Nardil). It is important to take your methylphenidate exactly in accordance with the prescription of your doctor. Amphetamines Amphetamines can help you concentrate on your thoughts and ignore distractions by speeding up the messages between brain cells. They are among the most commonly prescribed drugs for treating ADHD in children and adults. They increase the levels neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in your brain. Amphetamines are available in both short-acting (immediate-release) and intermediate or long-acting versions. They can be taken either orally or through injection. Certain people are affected by the adverse effects of stimulant medications, like restlessness or trouble sleeping, or increased heart rate or high blood pressure. Your doctor will observe the symptoms and alter the dosage to find the best one for you. Some people may need to take multiple medications to get the desired results. Drugs that stimulate the brain affect two key neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortex. This is the part of the brain that regulates emotions and controls your behavior. These drugs are prescribed to treat a variety of mental health problems that include depression, ADD/ADHD, anxiety and bipolar disorder. Amphetamines as well as methylphenidates are the most popular stimulant drugs. The FDA has approved a variety of brand-name stimulants to treat ADHD. They are available in different forms ranging from stimulants that are short-acting to long-acting stimulants – and can be taken orally or in a injection. Truck drivers, students and teens who require more energy to compete in endurance sports can take amphetamines. Amphetamines can cause mental and physical issues when they are misused, especially at higher doses. Non-stimulant drugs can also be effective in treating ADHD. They include atomoxetine, clonidine, and Guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They work using the same chemical as stimulants, but are less likely to cause the tics worse and cause problems for those with Tourette's Syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These medications are used to treat teens and children suffering from ADHD. These medications can be taken orally or applied to the skin. They are available in liquids and patches as well as pills that can either be chewed or swallowed. They are usually available only with a doctor's prescription. They include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin (Concerta, Focalin (Daytrana), andamphetamines, (Adderall (Dexedrine, Vyvanse)). Short-acting stimulants are fast acting and last between 3 and 6 hours. These medications ease symptoms for 70-80 percent of adults and children with ADHD. They reduce fidgeting, interrupting and make it easier for you to complete tasks. They can also enhance academic performance and improve relationships. However, medication for add adults to address the root causes of ADHD. It's therefore important to utilize them along with behavior therapy. It's important to understand that ADHD medications can cause adverse effects. You might feel sleepy, cranky, or sleepless. These effects are usually minimal, and they disappear as soon as the medication has left your system. Your doctor may ask you to take a small dose at first and then gradually increase the dosage. They'll observe how the medication affects your child or you and also look for any signs of problems. It could take some time to determine the best dosage and medication for you or your child. It's best to be open with your health care provider and communicate clearly. They might suggest changes to how often you or your child take the medication, or even when it's required at all. They may also be looking to determine if you or your child suffer from any other mental or medical conditions. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants control ADHD symptoms by altering the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain. This can increase the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine, two substances that are important for the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain. (Think of it as “your secretary” in the executive part of your brain). Stimulant medications are effective for most ADHD children. Your doctor will help you determine the best dosage and medication for you. It is possible to test several different types of medication before you can find the one that is right for you or your children. You can take stimulants that release immediately in liquid form as well as chewable tablets. They begin to work quickly and last for three or four hours. The “crash effect” is a sign that the medicine is exhausted. It is characterized by an abrupt reduction in energy levels as well as an intense hunger. There are also stimulants that act long-lastingly, such as dexamfetamine or Lisdexamfetamine. These are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected into the bloodstream, and they are activated in the red blood cell. Finding the right dosage, medication and schedule for your child or for yourself can take time. Your doctor will be monitoring your response to the medication, and look for any issues like trouble sleeping. They will also advise you about non-stimulant medications in the event that you or your child aren't responding well to the stimulants. It is not advisable to discontinue or alter your ADHD medication without talking to your doctor first. It's also important to tell your doctor about any over-the-counter medications and supplements you are taking, as certain of them may interact with other ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants For 70-80% of adults and children with ADHD stimulant medication is effective in decreasing hyperactivity, interrupting behaviour such as fidgeting, impulsivity and fidgeting. They also aid people to concentrate, complete tasks, and maintain relationships. However, they might not reduce moodiness or other problematic symptoms. They can also cause negative effects, such as loss of appetite, insomnia stomachaches, jitteriness, changes in heart rhythm, and high blood pressure. These medications work in phases aiding in the treatment of ADHD symptoms throughout the daytime. Most begin to take effect within 30 to 45 minutes and wear off in 3 to 6 hours. They can be utilized in conjunction with other forms of ADHD treatment such as behavioral therapy. Some of these long-acting stimulants, including atomoxetine (Intuniv) and guanfacine (Strattera) can last for a long time and even the next day. Some doctors recommend taking them in the afternoon to avoid patients from having to take additional medication at school or after school. Long-acting stimulants do not increase dopamine levels as rapidly as short- and intermediate-acting drugs, yet they boost their levels significantly. They don't have the same effects on rebound as shorter-acting stimulants. Because of the potential for adverse effects Due to the possibility of side effects, long-acting stimulants are usually prescribed as a second-line treatment for adults and older teens with ADHD. However, they can be used as a first-line treatment option for certain people with ADHD who haven't been able to respond to other medications. While medication can help improve concentration and self-control but it's not the only option for those with ADHD. Combined with good sleep habits, healthy eating, and other strategies for self-help it's possible to eliminate or reduce the necessity for ADHD medicine.